0-10v I/O CNC Module voltage issues

BalistikB · October 30, 2025, 12:21am

Hello,

I recently finished my LR v4 build and things are great. I am using a spindle and it was working great when I have the VFD and Spindle controlled through the VFD.

After some reading, I decided to try and control the VFD and spindle by using the control board and a 0-10v I/O cnc module. I kind of got everything working, kinda. Unfortunately I am not getting full rpm when I am expecting it to.

Reading through ALOT of information regarding the wiring and VFD setup, I believe I have things correct, but obviously I am missing something.

My first question is, am I supposed to see 10v when measuring the 0-10v terminal on the i/o module? (I do see the voltage change as I change the requested rpm in FluidNC)

Here are some reference pictures.

board: Jackpot TMC2209
name: LowRider
meta: 10-31-2024 RyanZ

planner_blocks: 32

stepping:
  engine: I2S_STATIC
  idle_ms: 255
  pulse_us: 2
  dir_delay_us: 1
  disable_delay_us: 0

uart1:
  txd_pin: gpio.0
  rxd_pin: gpio.4
  rts_pin: NO_PIN
  baud: 115200
  mode: 8N1

axes:
  shared_stepper_disable_pin: NO_PIN

  x:
    steps_per_mm: 50.000
    max_rate_mm_per_min: 9000.000
    acceleration_mm_per_sec2: 200.000
    max_travel_mm: 1260
    soft_limits: false
    homing:
      cycle: 2
      positive_direction: false
      mpos_mm: 3
      feed_mm_per_min: 300.000
      seek_mm_per_min: 1500.000
      settle_ms: 500
      seek_scaler: 1.100
      feed_scaler: 1.100
    #X
    motor0:
      limit_neg_pin: gpio.25:high
      limit_pos_pin: NO_PIN
      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
      hard_limits: false
      pulloff_mm: 4.000
      tmc_2209:
        uart_num: 1
        addr: 0
        cs_pin: NO_PIN
        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
        run_amps: 0.800
        homing_amps: 0.800
        hold_amps: 0.700
        microsteps: 8
        stallguard: 0
        stallguard_debug: false
        toff_disable: 0
        toff_stealthchop: 5
        toff_coolstep: 3
        run_mode: StealthChop
        homing_mode: StealthChop
        use_enable: false
        direction_pin: I2SO.1
        step_pin: I2SO.2
        disable_pin: I2SO.0

  y:
    steps_per_mm: 50.000
    max_rate_mm_per_min: 9000.000
    acceleration_mm_per_sec2: 200.000
    max_travel_mm: 2480
    soft_limits: false
    homing:
      cycle: 2
      positive_direction: false
      mpos_mm: 3
      feed_mm_per_min: 300.000
      seek_mm_per_min: 1500.000
      settle_ms: 500
      seek_scaler: 1.100
      feed_scaler: 1.100
    #Y
    motor0:
      limit_neg_pin: gpio.33:high
      limit_pos_pin: NO_PIN
      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
      hard_limits: false
      pulloff_mm: 4.000
      tmc_2209:
        uart_num: 1
        addr: 1
        cs_pin: NO_PIN
        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
        run_amps: 0.800
        homing_amps: 0.800
        hold_amps: 0.700
        microsteps: 8
        stallguard: 0
        stallguard_debug: false
        toff_disable: 0
        toff_stealthchop: 5
        toff_coolstep: 3
        run_mode: StealthChop
        homing_mode: StealthChop
        use_enable: false
        step_pin: I2SO.5
        direction_pin: I2SO.4
        disable_pin: I2SO.7

    #A
    motor1:
      limit_neg_pin: gpio.35:high
      limit_pos_pin: NO_PIN
      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
      hard_limits: false
      pulloff_mm: 4.000
      tmc_2209:
        uart_num: 1
        addr: 3
        cs_pin: i2so.14
        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
        run_amps: 0.800
        homing_amps: 0.800
        hold_amps: 0.700
        microsteps: 8
        stallguard: 0
        stallguard_debug: false
        toff_disable: 0
        toff_stealthchop: 5
        toff_coolstep: 3
        run_mode: StealthChop
        homing_mode: StealthChop
        use_enable: false
        step_pin: I2SO.13
        direction_pin: I2SO.12
        disable_pin: I2SO.15

  z:
    steps_per_mm: 200.000
    max_rate_mm_per_min: 1800.000
    acceleration_mm_per_sec2: 80.000
    max_travel_mm: 300.000
    soft_limits: false
    homing:
      cycle: 1
      positive_direction: true
      mpos_mm: 3
      feed_mm_per_min: 200.000
      seek_mm_per_min: 800.000
      settle_ms: 500
      seek_scaler: 1.100
      feed_scaler: 1.100

    motor0:
      limit_neg_pin: NO_PIN
      limit_pos_pin: gpio.32:high
      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
      hard_limits: false
      pulloff_mm: 4.000
      tmc_2209:
        uart_num: 1
        addr: 2
        cs_pin: NO_PIN
        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
        run_amps: 0.800
        homing_amps: 0.800
        hold_amps: 0.700
        microsteps: 8
        stallguard: 0
        stallguard_debug: false
        toff_disable: 0
        toff_stealthchop: 5
        toff_coolstep: 3
        run_mode: StealthChop
        homing_mode: StealthChop
        use_enable: false
        step_pin: I2SO.10
        direction_pin: I2SO.9
        disable_pin: I2SO.8

     #B
    motor1:
      limit_neg_pin: NO_PIN
      limit_pos_pin: gpio.34:high
      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
      hard_limits: false
      pulloff_mm: 4.000
      tmc_2209:
        uart_num: 1
        addr: 3
        cs_pin: i2so.19
        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
        run_amps: 0.800
        homing_amps: 0.800
        hold_amps: 0.700
        microsteps: 8
        stallguard: 0
        stallguard_debug: false
        toff_disable: 0
        toff_stealthchop: 5
        toff_coolstep: 3
        run_mode: StealthChop
        homing_mode: StealthChop
        use_enable: false
        step_pin: I2SO.18
        direction_pin: I2SO.17
        disable_pin: I2SO.16

#  c:
#    steps_per_mm: 80.000
#    max_rate_mm_per_min: 5000.000
#    acceleration_mm_per_sec2: 100.000
#    max_travel_mm: 300.000
#    soft_limits: false
#    homing:
#      cycle: 0
#      positive_direction: true
#      mpos_mm: 150.000
#      feed_mm_per_min: 100.000
#      seek_mm_per_min: 800.000
#      settle_ms: 500
#      seek_scaler: 1.100
#      feed_scaler: 1.100
#
#    motor0:
#      limit_neg_pin: gpio.39:low
#      limit_pos_pin: NO_PIN
#      limit_all_pin: NO_PIN
#      hard_limits: false
#      pulloff_mm: 3.000
#      tmc_2209:
#        uart_num: 1
#        addr: 3
#        cs_pin: i2so.22
#        r_sense_ohms: 0.110
#        run_amps: .8
#        homing_amps: 0.800
#        hold_amps: 0.050
#        microsteps: 16
#        stallguard: 0
#        stallguard_debug: false
#        toff_disable: 0
#        toff_stealthchop: 5
#        toff_coolstep: 3
#        run_mode: StealthChop
#        homing_mode: StealthChop
#        use_enable: false
#        step_pin: I2SO.21
#        direction_pin: I2SO.20
#        disable_pin: I2SO.23

i2so:
  bck_pin: gpio.22
  data_pin: gpio.21
  ws_pin: gpio.17

spi:
  miso_pin: gpio.19
  mosi_pin: gpio.23
  sck_pin: gpio.18

sdcard:
  cs_pin: gpio.5
  card_detect_pin: NO_PIN
  frequency_hz: 20000000

probe:
  pin: gpio.36:low
  toolsetter_pin: NO_PIN
  check_mode_start: true

start:
  must_home: false

coolant:
  flood_pin: gpio.2
  mist_pin: gpio.16
  delay_ms: 0

control:
  safety_door_pin: NO_PIN
  reset_pin: NO_PIN
  feed_hold_pin: NO_PIN
  cycle_start_pin: NO_PIN
  macro0_pin: NO_PIN
  macro1_pin: NO_PIN
  macro2_pin: NO_PIN
  macro3_pin: NO_PIN

macros:
  startup_line0:
  startup_line1:
  macro0:
  macro1:
  macro2:
  macro3:

user_outputs:
  analog0_pin: NO_PIN
  analog1_pin: NO_PIN
  analog2_pin: NO_PIN
  analog3_pin: NO_PIN
  analog0_hz: 5000
  analog1_hz: 5000
  analog2_hz: 5000
  analog3_hz: 5000
  digital0_pin: gpio.26
  digital1_pin: gpio.27
  digital2_pin: NO_PIN
  digital3_pin: NO_PIN


10V:
  output_pin: gpio.14
  forward_pin: gpio.13
  reverse_pin: gpio.15
  spinup_ms: 0
  spindown_ms: 0
  tool_num: 0
  speed_map: 0=0% 6000=0% 24000=100%

#Laser:
#  pwm_hz: 5000
#  output_pin: gpio.27
#  enable_pin: NO_PIN
#  disable_with_s0: false
#  s0_with_disable: true
#  tool_num: 0
#  speed_map: 0=0.000% 255=100.000%
#  off_on_alarm: true

# pwm:
#  pwm_hz: 5000
#  direction_pin: gpio.26
#  output_pin: gpio.27
#  enable_pin: NO_PIN
#  disable_with_s0: false
#  s0_with_disable: true
#  spinup_ms: 0
#  spindown_ms: 0
#  tool_num: 0
#  speed_map: 0=0.000% 1000=100.000%
#  off_on_alarm: false

# 5V out gpio.26/27
# VMot out gpoi.2/16
# In's left to right gpoi.25/33/32/35/34/39/36

And this is my VFD and spindle.

DoSelbst · October 30, 2025, 9:16am

good Job, did you fine tune the voltage on the pot meter on the i/o board?

BalistikB · October 30, 2025, 10:54am

I wish it was a good job. I am not able to get the full 10v out of the add on module. I have read a number of threads mentioning the “pot” at you did.

I have no idea what and where that is. Do you?

BalistikB · October 30, 2025, 11:26am

Never mind, I realized I have been looking at the “pot” the entire time. I was able to adjust it and now I am seeing the 10v and 24000 rpm. YEAH!

I did try to see if I ran my spindle at half the rpm, would I get 12000 rpm on the VFD. I did not. I got significantly less.

ttraband · October 30, 2025, 2:56pm

Take my comments with a grain of salt. I’m not running a VFD myself but am following along in the forum topics because I may elect to some day.

The non-linear output is pretty common, as I understand things. I believe the Speed Map element in the configuration enables tuning the proper voltage output for a given requested RPM or percentage of max RPM.

dos · October 30, 2025, 4:35pm

12,000 is 1/3rd of the way between your 0% speed and 100% speed, so I’d expect a 3.33V output and, depending on what your spindle VFD expects, perhaps a 33% spindle speed. Check to see what your spindle VFD expects (or is configured for) and adjust your speed map accordingly.

BalistikB · October 30, 2025, 4:41pm

This is a good point. I will research this part of my spindle and configuration. Thank you very much!

MakerJim · October 30, 2025, 8:10pm

Well you solved it on your own…

Please keep the forum updated on how this goes, 0-10V spindles are a recurring special topic.

BalistikB · October 31, 2025, 12:07am

Thank you all for your help. I am having a little bit of an issue dialing the rpm in. Max out after turning the pot all the way is 9.62v. Is that ok?

The VFD is showing 24000 at max. Unfortunately, it is not as accurate when scaling down the RPM in fluidnc. For example, I call for 12000 rpm in fluidnc and I get lower rpm on the VFD.

dos · October 31, 2025, 12:25am

So what RPM do you get when you command 12,000 RPM?

What’s the manual say about speed mappings? We don’t know what VFD you have… just a picture of some generic looking VFD.

MakerJim · October 31, 2025, 12:31am

That seems a lttle low but probably usable.

Need to create a speed map to dial things in.

That line above shows what things are currently set to, This means when on, the min RPM is expected to be 6000 RPM, and when at max it’s supposed to be 24000.
If that’s not what you’re getting then we need specs or tests to establish how your spindle behaves.

Right.

With more details and more tests we can likely tune things better.

We could also explore grounding and interconnection as additional troubleshooting/documentation steps.

BalistikB · October 31, 2025, 12:41am

Ok so I am using the H100-1.5c2-1b.

When I command 12000 rpm I get 9649 on the VFD. The 01-10v terminal registers 3.49v

BalistikB · October 31, 2025, 12:43am

Also, should I be checking with my multimeter by connecting the negative to the negative on the jackpot board?

jeyeager · October 31, 2025, 12:44am

Yea, I think you just need to mess with the speed map. I would try something like this and adjust the numbers until it’s reasonably accurate.

speed_map: 0=0% 6000=0% 12000=60% 24000=100%

BalistikB · October 31, 2025, 1:02am

I think I got it now. I dialed the speed map to the following:

0=0% 6000=0% 12000=46% 24000=100%

When at 12000rpm, my meter reads 4.9v

good right?

MakerJim · October 31, 2025, 1:11am

Much better.